Physicochemical and Mineral Compositions of Wastewater and Soils from Two Selected Abattoirs in Warri, Delta State, Nigeria

Author(s): Kolawole Sunday, Obueh Henrietta, Moru Monday

This study was carried out to evaluate the physicochemical and mineral compositions of abattoir wastewater and contaminated soils from two selected abattoirs in Warri, Delta State and therefore to assess the impact of abattoir activities on the surrounding soil environment. The pH values of the abattoir wastewater (8.2 ± 0.04 and 8.0 ± 0.14) and contaminated soil (7.28 ± 0.31 and 7.75 ± 0.21) were higher than the control at 6.4 ± 0.01 and 6.6 ± 0.01 (control water) and 5.4 ± 0.02 and 4.2 ± 0.01 (uncontaminated soil). The BOD and COD values for abattoir A wastewater (110 ± 2.82 mg/L and 2.64 ± 2.82 mg/L) and abattoir B (398.5 ± 2.10mg/L and 351 ± 1.41 mg/L) were higher than the WHO standard. All the minerals were below the WHO standard except iron with mean concentration of 0.73 ± 0.17 mg/L and 1.35 ± 0.61 mg/L for abattoir wastewater A and B respectively. The abattoir waste contaminated soils A and B had higher values compared with the controlled soils. The soils A and B had higher values compared with the control soils. The soils A and B have values for organic carbon (16381.25 ± 1.78 mg/L and 12863.1 ± 0.88 mg/L), sulphate (2166.8 ± 1.72 mg/L and 3700.5 ± 0.70 mg/L), chloride ( 4501 ± 1.41 mgL and 2101.5 ± 2.12 mg/L), iron (855.9 ± 0.34 mg/L and 1287.5 ± 2.12 mg/L), lead (27.94 ± 0.42 mg/L and 16.87 ± 0.50 mg/L), manganese (66.32 ± 2.22 mg/L and 44.17 ± 1.12 mg/L) and phosphorus (75.13 ± 1.24 mg/L and 79.01 ± 1.40 mg/L). The continuous discharge of the abattoir wastewater into the surrounding soils led to the pollution of the soil. Adequate treatment of the wastewater before discharge and proper waste disposal systems are necessary.

Wastewater, Abattoir, Soil, Physicochemical Mineral

1. Agyarko, K., Darteh, E and Beringer, B (2010) Metal levels in some refuse dump soils and plants in Ghana. Journal of Plant Soil and Environment 56(5):244-251.
2. Akinbule, C.O (2006) Hawked water quality and its health implications in Akure, Nigeria. Botswana Journal of Technology 15:70-75.
3. Anderson, J.O., Davis, C., Stevens, D., Kelly, J., McLaughlin, M and Unkvich, M (2006) Reclaimed water use in Australia: an overview of Australia and reclaimed water. Growing crops with reclaimed water pg 1-5.
4. APHA (2005) standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control 2oth edition. Washington DC, USA pp5-17.
5. ASTM (2003) Standard methods for the examination if water and wastewater. American Standard for Testing and Materials, Washington DC.
6. Bello, Y.O and Odeyemi. D.T.A (2009). The impact of abattoir activities and management in residual neighbourhoods: A Case study of Ogbomoso, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 31: 11-16.
7. Chukwu, O., Adeoye, P.A and Chidiebere, I. (2011). Abattoir waste generation, management and the environment: A case of Minna, North Central Nigeria. International Journal of Biosciences 1(6):100-109.
8. Chukwu, U.J and Anuchi, S.O (2016). Impact of Abattoir wastes on the physicochemical properties of soils within Portharcourt metropolis. The International Journal of Engineering and Science IJES 5(6):17-21.
9. Dara, S.S (2000) A textbook of environmental chemistry and pollution control. New Delhi, S Chand and Company Ltd pp 39-42.
10. Eni, D. I., Etu, S.J and Oka, P.O (2014). The effect of Abattoir discharge on the Obot Okoho Stream quality in Nassarawa Village Calabar Nigeria. Asian Journal of Science and Technology 5(8): 501 – 507.
11. Eze, V.C., Omeh, Y.N. and Ugweje, C.D (2013) Microbiological and physicochemical assessment of soil contaminated with lairage effluent in Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria. 10SR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences 8(2): 50-56.
12. Ferner, D.J (2001) Toxicity of Heavy Metals. Medicine 2(5): 1-3.
13. Gauri, S.M (2006). Treatment of wastewater from abattoirs before land application: A review. Bioresource Technology 97: 1119-1135.
14. Hassan, I.A., Campbell, C., Ademola, T.G (2014). Effect of abattoir effluent on surrounding underground water quality. A case study of Governor road abattoir at Ikotun, Lagos State. International journal of Advances in Pharmacy, Biology and Chemistry 3(4): 957-965.
15. Magaji, J.Y and Chup, C.D (2012) The effects of abattoir waste on water quality in Gwagwalada Abuja. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management 5(4): 542-549.
16. Mbajiuka, C.S., Obeagu, E.I., Agbo, C.E and Nwosu. D.C (2014) Assessment of Microbial isolates associated with contaminated soil found around slaughter houses in Umuahia metropolis. International Journal of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences 4(2): 21-26.
17. Natilukuro T.A (2003) Microbial content of abattoir wastewater and its effect on Ogun River. B.Sc Thesis department of Microbiology, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Ogun State pp10-16.
18. Neboh, H.A Ilusanya, O.A., Ezekoye, C.C and Orji, F.A (2013). Assessment of Ijebu Igbo Abattoir effluent and its impact on the ecology of receiving soil and river. IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology 7(5): 61-67.
19. Osibanjo, O and Adie, G.U (2007). Impact of effluent from Bodija abattoir on the physicochemical parameters of Oshunkaye stream in Ibadan City, Nigeria. African Journal of Biotechnology 6:1806-1811.
20. Rabah, A.B., Oyeleke, S.B., Hassan, L.G and Ijah, U.J.J (2010) Microbiological and physicochemical assessment of soil contaminated with abattoir effluents in Sokoto metropolis, Nigeria. Science World Journal 5(3): 1-4.
21. Singh, V.P and Neelam, S (2011). A survey report on impart of abattoir activities management on environments. Indian Journal of Veterinarians 6: 973-978.
22. Tortora, G.J., Funke, B.R and Case, C. L (2007) Microbiology: An Introduction. 9th Edition. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Company Inc. Califonia.
23. Ubwa, S.T., Atoo, G. H., Offem, J.O., Abah J and Asemave, K (2013). Effect of activities at the Gboko abattoir on some physical properties and heavy metals levels of surrounding soil. International Journal of Chemistry 5(1); 49-57.
24. Vodela, J.K., Renden, J.A., Lenz, S.D., Michel Henny, W.I and Kemppainen, B,.W (1997). Drinking water contaminants. Poultry Science 76; 1474 -1492.
25. WHO (2006) Guides for drinking water quality. Incorporating first addendum to third edition. World Health Organisation Geneva Switzerland, 515.
26. Williams, J.O and Dimbu, P.C (2015). Effect of abattoir wastewater on soil microbial communities. Scholars Academic Journal of Biosciences 3(5): 452-455.