GC-MS analysis and antimicrobial effects of methanol stem bark extract of Trilepisium madagascriense DC.

Author(s): Olufunmiso O. Olajuyigbe, Faith O Ijeyan, Morenike O. Adeoye-Isijola

The therapeutic potentials of methanol stem bark extract of Trilepisium madagascriense was determined using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry to identify its bioactive compounds of pharmaceutical importance while the antimicrobial activities were assayed in vitro by agar well diffusion and macrobroth dilution techniques against different microbial isolates. The mass spectra of the identified compounds in the extract at different retention time showed the presence of ethyl iso-allocholate, (3β,5Z,7E)-9,10-Secocholesta-5,7,10(10)-triene-3,24,25-triol, 2,6-Dimethoxyamphetamine, 4-Hexenoic acid, 4-methyl-6-(fluorodimethylsilyl)-6-trimethysily-, 2-methoxy-4-(methoxymethyl)-Phenol, 2-methoxy-1,4-Benzenediol, 2,4-Dimethoxyphenol, Indole, Paromomycin, Hydroquinone and Tetrahydro-N-[(tetrahydro-2-furanyl)methyl-2-Furanmethanamine amongst other bioactive compounds of therapeutic potentials. This extract showed antimicrobial activities. At the lowest concentration of 25 mg/ml, 100 µl of the extract produced inhibition zones ranging between 14 and 18 ± 1.0 mm and inhibition zones ranging between 18 and 28 ± 1.0 mm in all the isolates at the highest concentration of 100 mg/ml. While the bacterial MICs ranged between 1.25 and 5 mg/ml and the MBCs ranged between 2.5 and 10 mg/ml, the fungal MICs ranged between 0.098 and 12.5 mg/ml while the MFCs ranged between 0.781 and <25 mg/ml. With exception of MICindex of Klebsiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 which was equal to 4, the MICindex of other isolates ranged between 1 and 2. Klesbiella pneumoniae ATCC 10031 and Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 had the highest MICs of 1.25 mg/ml, followed by B. cereus ATCC 10702, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 19582, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Bacillus subtilis KZN with MICs of 2.5 mg/ml while Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Enterococcus cloacae ATCC 13047, Enterococcus faecalis KZN, Shigella sonnei ATCC 29930, Klebsiella pneumoniae KpFa, Staphylococcus aureus SaFa, Escherichia coli EcFa and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PmFa had the least MICs of 5.0 mg/ml. Enterococcus faecalis KZN, Bacillus subtilis KZN and Proteus vulgaris CSIR 0030 had the highest MBCs of 2.5 mg/ml. Although Candida albicans had MICs ranging between 0.098 mg/ml and Candida tropicalis had the least MICs of 12.5 mg/ml, the MFCs were 0.781 mg/ml and 25 mg/ml. This study shows that the pharmacological effects of Trilepisium madagascriense depends on bioactive compounds identified while this plant is a source for isolating novel drugs having significant therapeutic potentials.

Antimicrobial, bioactive phytoconstituents, betulin, paromomycin, pharmacological effects

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